how to size an ac contactor

Introduction:

Are you considering installing or replacing an air conditioning contactor? Sizing an AC contactor is a crucial step in ensuring optimal performance and efficiency of your cooling system. Choosing the right size contactor ensures that it can handle the electrical load of your air conditioner, preventing potential issues such as overheating or frequent tripping of circuit breakers. In this article, we will guide you through the process of sizing an AC contactor, enabling you to make an informed decision and ensure the smooth operation of your cooling system.

Understanding the AC Contactor:

AC contactors are electromechanical devices responsible for controlling the flow of electricity to the compressor and other major components of an air conditioning system. When the thermostat signals the need for cooling, the contactor engages, allowing electricity to flow to the compressor. It is important to note that the contactor not only acts as a switch but also provides electrical protection and allows for easy troubleshooting.

Choosing the correct size contactor is critical for the reliable and efficient functioning of an air conditioner. If the contactor is undersized, it may not be able to handle the electrical load, leading to overheating and premature failure. On the other hand, an oversized contactor will waste energy, impact the overall efficiency of the system, and possibly cause unnecessary strain on the electrical components.

The Importance of Load Calculation:

Before sizing an AC contactor, it is essential to perform a load calculation of your air conditioning system. Load calculation takes into account various factors such as the size of the area to be cooled, insulation levels, and local climate conditions. By accurately determining the cooling load, you can select an appropriately sized contactor, ensuring optimal performance and energy efficiency.

Understanding Electrical Ratings:

To size an AC contactor correctly, it is necessary to understand the electrical ratings associated with the unit. Here are the key ratings to consider:

1. Maximum Continuous Current Rating:

The maximum continuous current rating refers to the maximum current that the contactor can carry continuously without overheating. It is generally expressed in amperes (A) and can be found on the contactor's specification sheet or label. Ensure that the maximum continuous current rating of the contactor exceeds the current drawn by the air conditioning system.

2. Coil Voltage:

The coil voltage rating specifies the voltage required to activate the contactor's coil, allowing the connection between the power source and the load. It is important to choose a contactor with a coil voltage that matches the voltage supply of the system. Typically, coil voltage options include 24V, 120V, or 240V.

3. Poles:

AC contactors can have different numbers of poles, such as 1-pole, 2-pole, or 3-pole contactors. The number of poles determines how many power circuits the contactor can control. For most residential applications, a 2-pole contactor is sufficient. However, larger commercial or industrial systems might require 3-pole contactors.

4. Coil Contactor Size:

The size of the contactor coil influences its ability to handle electrical load and provide reliable switching. Larger coil sizes often indicate a higher current rating and can withstand greater electrical demands. It is crucial to match the coil size of the contactor to the specific requirements of your air conditioning system.

5. Enclosure Type:

The enclosure type refers to the housing that protects the internal components of the contactor. Common enclosure types include open, NEMA 1 (general purpose), and NEMA 3R (outdoor rated). The selection of the enclosure type depends on the installation location and environmental conditions.

Calculating the Contact Load:

Determining the contact load is a critical step in sizing an AC contactor accurately. The contact load represents the electrical current drawn by the load or the air conditioning system. To calculate the contact load, follow these steps:

1. Identify the individual electrical components, such as the compressor, condenser fan motor, indoor blower motor, and other accessories included in the air conditioning system.

2. Note down the full load amperage (FLA) rating for each of these components. The FLA rating is typically provided on the nameplate or specification sheet of the equipment.

3. Sum up the FLA ratings of all the components to obtain the total current drawn by the air conditioning system.

It is important to note that the contactor should have a current rating slightly higher than the calculated contact load to provide a margin of safety and accommodate any potential electrical surges.

Sizing Examples: